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Thursday, September 30, 2010

Medical Records on Your Cell Phone Computer Scientists Turn Cell Phones into Health Care Resource


New software technology allows cell phone and PDA users to download their medical records, making them quickly accessible in case of emergency. The new software, to be available in a year, can even display animated 3D scans. Computer scientists say the technology will also enable students to do research using their portable devices.

SAN DIEGO--Imagine if your medical records were lost or misplaced. It can cause more than aggravation; it could impact the care you receive. Now, imagine being able to download your own health records -- even X-rays and diagnostic scans -- right into your cell phone or PDA.

The same technology that brings games to life in your cell phone can also help you and your doctor keep track of your health. Gregory Quinn, a computer scientist at the San Diego Supercomputer Center at the University of California, San Diego, says, "We can do quite amazing things in terms of presenting information."

Many of the newer cells phones and PDAs have a graphics chip like the one in your PC. The chip can turn your phone into a virtual medical library, complete with stunning 3D computer graphics and medical scans.

Quinn is developing a program that will allow doctors to view a patient's medical history on mobile devices.

Cardiologist Michael Wright believes mobile medical records will not only help doctors, it will simplify things for patients. Dr. Wright, who is medical director at the LifeScore Clinic in San Diego says: "Right now your medical records are scattered here and there. You don't really have easy access to them."

With Quinn's program, medical notes and patient tests can be downloaded onto a cell phone in just minutes. "Let's say, for example, I had done a scan here and had picked up a narrowed blood vessel coming down the surface of the heart. That would be visible on this 3D model," Dr. Wright says.

All the data on a phone is stored in the memory expansion slot. In these medical phones, however, Instead of music and digital pictures, it could hold a virtual scan of the body and much more. "It really does provide a, an on going, growing medical record that they can always have with them," Dr. Wright tells DBIS.

The 3D mobile medical data program should be available within a year. Quinn's program isn't limited to medical information. He says students will be able to retrieve science and other information on their cell phones during class.

BACKGROUND: Half a billion cell phones are sold each year, and within two years most of these will be inter-connected devices and contain built-in 2D/3D graphics accelerators. Scientists may be able to use these devices to disseminate visual information and scientific data, such as real-time molecular and medical data. For developing countries in particular, the cell phone will become their first and/or primary computing device. It's high-end data visualization for the masses.

MAKING PHONES SMARTER: So-called "smartphones" relate to a single device that can take care of all your handheld computing and communications needs in a single small package, integrating digital photography, cellular communication, calendars and address books, GPS navigation, email, and even play music or games. The biggest advantage is that smartphones allow users to install, configure and run their favorite applications, creating individual, tailor-made service. In contrast, most standard cell-phone software offers only limited configurations for personalizing the device.

ABOUT GRAPHICS ACCELERATORS: A graphics accelerator is a type of video adapter that contains its own microprocessor, enabling higher performance. It has its own memory for storing graphical representations. Among other advantages, graphics accelerators free up the computer's central processing unit. The CPU can do other tasks while the graphics accelerator is processing the graphics. When computation tasks are divided in this way, it is known as "load balancing." Today, graphics accelerators are not just an enhancement, but a necessity, and are bundled automatically into mid-range and high-range computers.

GOING DIGITAL: Digital cell phones use the same radio technology as analog phones, but unlike analog signals, digital signals can be compressed and manipulated to fit more calls onto a given bandwidth. It's also why more cable companies are switching to digital to gain more channels. Using digital cell phones, three to ten digital calls can occupy the same space as a single analog call.

Wireless / Computer Networking


In the world of computers, networking is the practice of linking two or more computing devices together for the purpose of sharing data. Networks are built with a mix of computer hardware and computer software.

Networks can be categorized in several different ways. One approach defines the type of network according to the geographic area it spans. Local area networks (LANs), for example, typically reach across a single home, whereas wide area networks (WANs), reach across cities, states, or even across the world. The Internet is the world's largest public WAN.

Network Design

Computer networks also differ in their design. The two types of high-level network design are called client-server and peer-to-peer. Client-server networks feature centralized server computers that store email, Web pages, files and or applications. On a peer-to-peer network, conversely, all computers tend to support the same functions. Client-server networks are much more common in business and peer-to-peer networks much more common in homes.

A network topology represents its layout or structure from the point of view of data flow. In so-called bus networks, for example, all of the computers share and communicate across one common conduit, whereas in a star network, all data flows through one centralized device. Common types of network topologies include bus, star, ring and mesh.

Network Protocols

In networking, the communication language used by computer devices is called the protocol. Yet another way to classify computer networks is by the set of protocols they support. Networks often implement multiple protocols to support specific applications. Popular protocols include TCP/IP, the most common protocol found on the Internet and in home networks.

Wired vs Wireless Networking

Many of the same network protocols, like TCP/IP, work in both wired and wireless networks. Networks with Ethernet cables predominated in businesses, schools, and homes for several decades. Recently, however, wireless networking alternatives have emerged as the premier technology for building new computer networks.

Wireless networks utilize radio waves and/or microwaves to maintain communication channels between computers. Wireless networking is a more modern alternative to wired networking that relies on copper and/or fiber optic cabling between network devices.

A wireless network offers advantages and disadvantages compared to a wired network. Advantages of wireless include mobility and elimination of unsightly cables. Disadvantages of wireless include the potential for radio interference due to weather, other wireless devices, or obstructions like walls.

Wireless is rapidly gaining in popularity for both home and business networking. Wireless technology continues to improve, and the cost of wireless products continues to decrease. Popular wireless local area networking (WLAN) products conform to the 802.11 "Wi-Fi" standards. The gear a person needs to build wireless networks includes network adapters (NICs), access points (APs), and routers.

A bit is the smallest unit of data transfer on a computer network. Bits represent the two binary values "on" or "off." Bits are often stored on computers as the digital numbers '1' and '0', but in networking, bits can also be "encoded" by electrical signals and pulses of light.

In computer networking, some network protocols send and receive data in the form of bit sequences. These are called bit-oriented protocols. Examples of bit-oriented protocols include PPP.

Though sometimes written in decimal or byte form, network addresses like IP addresses and MAC addresses are ultimately represented as bits in network communications.

Finally, special digital numbers called "keys" are often used to encrypt data on computer networks. The length of these keys is expressed in terms of number of bits. The greater the number of bits, the relatively more effective that key is in protecting data. In wireless network security, for example, 40-bit WEP keys proved to be relatively insecure but the 128-bit or larger WEP keys used today are much more effective.

The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model has been an essential element of computer network design since its ratification in 1984. The OSI is an abstract model of how network protocols and equipment should communicate and work together (interoperate).

The OSI model is a technology standard maintained by the International Standards Organization (ISO). Although today's technologies do not fully conform to the standard, it remains a useful introduction to the study of network architecture.

The OSI Model Stack

The OSI model divides the complex task of computer-to-computer communications, traditionally called internetworking, into a series of stages known as layers. Layers in the OSI model are ordered from lowest level to highest. Together, these layers comprise the OSI stack. The stack contains seven layers in two groups:

Upper layers -

    7. application
    6. presentation
    5. session

Lower layers -

    4. transport
    3. network
    2. data link
    1. physical



Wireless / Computer Networking

Tuesday, September 28, 2010

Information technology



There are three known categorical definitions for the term Information technology (IT).

Information Technology (IT) is the "technology" used for the study, understanding, planning, design, construction, testing, distribution, support and operations of software, computers and computer related systems that exist for the purpose of Data, Information and Knowledge processing.

  1. In terms of industry, Information Technology (IT) is the "industry" that has evolved to include the study, science, and solution sets for all aspects of Data, Information and Knowledge management and/or processing.
  2. In terms of organizations or organizational structures, Information Technology (IT) is the organization in an enterprise or business that is held responsible and accountable for the technology used for planning, design, construction, testing, distribution, support and operations of software, computers and computer related systems that exist for the purpose of Data, Information and Knowledge management and/or processing.

General Information

In terms of technology, IT spans a wide variety of areas that include but are not limited to things such as Processes, Computer Software, Computer Hardware, Programming Languages, and Data Constructs. In short, anything that renders Data, Information or perceived Knowledge, in any visual format whatsoever, via any multimedia distribution mechanism, is considered to be a part of the domain space known as Information Technology (IT).

In terms of industry, IT spans a very large variety of functional areas called Information Technology (IT) Disciplines or Information Technology (IT) Competencies, that describe functional areas of the greater profession

In terms of organizations within enterprises, IT represents an operational group that helps solve such problems as those related to Data, Information and Knowledge capture, persistence, processing, brokering, discovery and rendering. Such organizations can be as small as one or two people that can be shared between multiple small business and as large as multi-billion dollar structures that are common in all Fortune 500 enterprises.

Today, the term information has ballooned to encompass many aspects of computing and technology, and the term has become very recognizable. IT professionals perform a variety of functions (IT Disciplines/Competencies) that range from installing applications to designing complex computer networks and information databases. A few of the duties that IT professionals perform may include data management, networking, engineering computer hardware, database and software design, as well as the management and administration of entire systems. Information technology is starting to spread farther than the conventional personal computer and network technology, and more into integrations of other technologies such as the use of cell phones, televisions, automobiles, and more, which is increasing the demand for such jobs.

When computer and communications technologies are combined, the result is information technology, sometimes called "infotech." Information technology is a general term that describes any technology that helps to produce, manipulate, store, communicate, and/or disseminate information.

In the recent past, ABET and the ACM have collaborated to form accreditation and curriculum standards for degrees in Information Technology as a distinct field of study separate from both Computer Science and Information Systems. SIGITE is the ACM working group for defining these standards. The Worldwide IT services revenue totaled $763 billion in 2009

Monday, September 27, 2010

Telecommunication in Nepal


Using liberalization policy and involving the private sector in a competitive environment for the development and expansion of telecommunication sector in Nepal, the then his Majesty's Government of Nepal 's (cabinet) decision dated 2052/9/10 B.S. (December 25, 1995 A.D.) has initiated the involvement of the private sector in the development of the telecommunication services. To make this work more systematic and regular, Telecommunication Act 2053 B.S.(1997 A.D.) and Telecommunication Regulation 2054 B.S. (1998 A.D.) has been implemented as a legal support and with the obligations in aforesaid Act and Regulation, work has been initiated by establishing Nepal Telecommunications Authority as an autonomous regulatory body on 2054-11-20 B.S. (March 4, 1998 A.D.).

  • To make the telecommunications service reliable and easily available to the public.

  • To make necessary arrangement to avail basic telecommunications service and facilities in all rural and urban areas throughout Nepal.

  • To protect the rights and interests of consumers by ensuring the provision of quality service.

  • To make arrangement for the coordination and healthy competition among the persons providing Telecommunications Service and facilities.

Role of Information Technology in distance education


Information technology plays a vital role in distance education. In fact, it is safe to say that modern distance education would be impossible without access to technology that can deliver information via the Internet to students in multiple locations.


The Internet

  • An Internet connection is essential in most distance learning programs. This is the means by which information is disseminated to students. In almost all distance learning programs, students are required to have access to the Internet and an email address.
  • Computers

  • A personal desktop computer or laptop computer is an essential tool for distance learning. This is where work is produced and data is accessed. Wireless laptop computers allow students to participate in class activities from anywhere Internet access is available.
  • Interactive Audio and Video

  • Interactive audio and video allow real time communication using phones and computer. Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) enables a person's voice to be transmitted through an Internet connection. Voice and multimedia presentations can also be delivered to a dispersed class with questions and answers taking place in real-time.
  • Fax

  • Fax can be used when paperwork needs to be distributed or when signed copies of documents need to be delivered.
  • Software

  • Many software applications designed to facilitate distance learning are available to instructors. These programs integrate material and organize it so it can be accessed from computers. Students can record lessons and access pictures, slides and notes at their convenience. Security protocols allow only registered students to access material, and assessment programs provide secure testing environments with automated grading and instant feedback.




  • Sunday, September 26, 2010

    IT Law of Nepal


    I just wondering about the IT Law of Nepal. Afterall, we are in touch with IT industry directly or indirectly, but we never try to know about the legal procedures and their applications in the senario of Nepal's IT. In my knowledge i heard that there is no perticular or (i

    IT Law of Nepal

    n other words) any major Law built for IT so far..... may be my memory need to be updated. Recent new IT Law update posts would be most welcomed on this section...............For eg. like software Piracy , cyber crime, child sex etc.

    i just wondering about the IT Law of Nepal. Afterall, we are in touch with IT industry directly or indirectly, but we never try to know about the legal procedures and their applications in the senario of Nepal's IT. In my knowledge i heard that there is no perticular or (in other words) any major Law built for IT so far..... may be my memory need to be updated. Recent new IT Law update posts would be most welcomed on this section...............For eg. like software Piracy ,
    cyber crime, child sex etc.

    Nepal Government : Information Technology Policy, 2057 (2000)

    Vision:
    To place Nepal on the Global map of Information Technology within the next five years.

    Background:
    As a developing country, Nepal has availed of the opportunity to rapidly develop various sectors such as education, health, agriculture, tourism, trade, among others, using information technology. The extensive application of this technology will engender economic consolidation, development of democratic norms and values, proportional distribution of economic resources and means and enhancement of public awareness, thereby raising living standards and, most importantly, contribute significantly to poverty alleviation. The establishment of a vibrant information technology will mitigate some of the disadvantages Nepal faces on account of its geographical conditions. In the coming years, globally, there will be a significant difference between the economic conditions of countries with developed information technology and that of countries lagging behind in this field. The persistence of such disparities between countries will be difficult to accept even by the developed countries. It is very possible that the international community will extend its support to developing countries in the development of information technology. Such assistance will certainly be significant for the national development of a least developed country like Nepal. Hence, an information technology policy is required to develop information technology in the shortest time possible for the sake of the national economy.
    Objectives:
    a) To make Information Technology accessible to the general public and increase employment through this means.
    To build a knowledge-based society.
    c) To establish knowledge-based industries.

    Its because the government doesnt care about the IT indstry. And the main thing the sansads and the minister dont know anything about computer and never used it.

    Information Technology Policy, 2000

    1. Vision
    Information Technology Policy, 2000
    To place Nepal on the Global Map of Information Technology within the next five years.

    2. Background
    As a developing country, Nepal has availed of the opportunity to rapidly develop various sectors
    such as education, health, agriculture, tourism, trade, among others, using information
    technology. The extensive application of this technology will engender economic consolidation,
    development of democratic norms and values, proportional distribution of economic resources
    and means and enhancement of public awareness, thereby raising living standards and, most
    importantly, contribute significantly to poverty alleviation. The establishment of a vibrant
    information technology will mitigate some of the disadvantages Nepal faces on account of its
    geographical conditions. In the coming years, globally, there will be a significant difference
    between the economic conditions of countries with developed information technology and that of
    countries lagging behind in this field. The persistence of such disparities between countries will
    be difficult to accept even by the developed countries. It is very possible that the international
    community will extend its support to developing countries in the development of information
    technology. Such assistance will certainly be significant for the national development of a least
    developed country like Nepal. Hence, an information technology policy is required to develop
    information technology in the shortest time possible for the sake of the national economy.
    3. Objectives
    The information technology policy shall be developed to attain the following objectives.
    3.1 To make information technology accessible to the general public and increase
    employment through this means.
    3.2 To build a knowledge-based society.
    3.3 To establish knowledge-based industries.
    4. Strategies
    The information technology strategies adopted to accomplish the above-mentioned objectives of
    rapid development and expansion of information technology in a fair and competitive
    environment shall be the following:
    4.1 The government will act as a promoter, facilitator, and regulator.
    4.2 Carry on research, develop and expand information technology with a high
    priority to participation of the private sector.
    4.3 Prepare capable manpower with the involvement of both public and private
    sectors for sustainable development and expansion of information technology.
    4.4 Encourage native and foreign investment for the development of information technology
    and infrastructure pertaining to information technology.
    2
    4.5 Place Nepal on the global map through information technology.
    4.6 Legalize and promote e-commerce.
    4.7 Assist in e-governance by using information technology.
    4.8 Utilize information technology in the development of rural areas.
    4.9 Promote information technology industries.
    4.10 Create a healthy, competitive environment for information technology service providers
    and provide them speedy and qualitative service at a reasonable cost.
    4.11 Include computer education in curriculum from the school level.
    4.12 Enhance professional efficiency through the use of information technology.
    4.13 Expand the information technology network to the rural areas.
    4.14 Establish Nepal in the international market in information technology.
    4.15 Increase export of services related to information technology (software and hardware) to
    10 billion rupees within the next five years.

    5. Information Technology Policy
    The policies to be pursued for the implementation of the above-mentioned strategies shall be as
    follows:
    5.1 To declare information technology sectors a prioritized sector.
    5.2 To follow a single-door system for the development of information technology.
    5.3 To prioritize research and development of information technology.
    5.4 To create a conducive environment that will attract investment in the private sector,
    keeping in view the private sector's role in the development of information technology.
    5.5 To provide internet facilities to all Village Development committees of the country in
    phases.
    5.6 To render assistance to educational institutions and encourage native and foreign training
    as a necessity of fulfilling the requirement of qualified manpower in various fields
    pertaining to information technology.
    5.7 To computerize the records of each governmental office and build websites for them for
    the flow of information.
    5.8 To increase the use of computers in the private sector.
    5.9 To develop physical and virtual information technology park in various places with the
    private sector's participation for the development of information technology.
    5.10 To use information technology to promote e-commerce, e-education, e-health, among
    others, and to transfer technology in rural areas.
    5.11 To establish National Information Technology Centre.
    5.12 To establish a national level fund by mobilizing the resources obtained from His
    Majesty's Government, donor agencies, and private sectors so as to contribute to research
    and development of information technology and other activities pertaining to it.
    5.13 To establish venture capital funds with the joint participation of public and private
    sectors.
    5.14 To include computer education in the curriculum from the school level and broaden its
    scope.
    5.15 To establish Nepal in the global market through the use of information technology.
    5.16 To draft necessary laws that provides legal sanctions to the use of information
    technology.
    3
    5.17 To gradually use information technology in all types of governmental activities and
    provide legal sanctions to its uses in such activities.

    6. Action Plan

    The following action plan shall be carried out to implement the national information technology
    policy and fulfill its objectives:
    6.1 Participation of private sector in infrastructure development:
    There may be up to a hundred percent foreign investment in areas such as information
    technology park, research and development, technology transfer, and human resource
    development.
    6.2 Infrastructure development:
    The following arrangements shall be made for information infrastructure development.
    6.2.1 An info-super highway and north-south info-highway shall be built taking
    into account the rapidity of information flow, changes brought about by the
    means of information flow, and the gradual development of multimedia
    service. Nepal shall be linked with other parts of the world through a broadband
    information network.
    6.2.2 An IT park shall be established in Banepa in Kavrepalanchok District.
    6.2.3 Any company interested in establishing an industry within the park shall be
    charged only 1% customs duty for the import of equipment related to the
    industry for up to five years.
    6.2.4 An internet node shall be established in all development regions by fiscal year
    2058/059 (2001/2002) and in district headquarters by fiscal year 2060/61
    (2003/2004) with participation of the private sector in order to make Internet
    available throughout the Kingdom. In making telephone contact with such a
    node, the telephone charge shall be levied on a local-call basis; and telephone
    contact with a nearby node within the development region shall be deemed to be
    a local call, so ling as the node in that district is not established. The use of the
    Internet shall be gradually extended to rural areas as well. The charge for
    telephone calls to be used for the Internet shall be gradually reduced.
    6.2.5 Telecommunications and electricity services shall be provided to the
    entrepreneurs involved in information technology sector as per their
    demand.
    6.3 Human Resource Development
    6.3.1 Necessary facilities shall be supplied to the universities in the country and
    graduate and postgraduate-level classes of international standard in
    computer science and computer engineering subjects shall be offered.
    6.3.1 A long-term programme with a slogan "computer education to all by 2010 A.D."
    shall be formulated and computer education shall be taught as an optional subject
    4
    in some public secondary schools from the coming academic year and shall be
    made a compulsory subject in phases.
    6.3.2 IT shall be used to improve the quality of education.
    6.3.3 The private sector shall be encouraged to prepare medium-level manpower
    required for the information technology sector. Assistance shall be provided to the
    private sector to set up institutions for teaching, research, and development of
    information technology in each development region.
    6.3.4 The knowledge of computer shall be made compulsory to all newly-recruited
    teachers in phases so as to introduce computer education in schools; and computer
    education shall also be provided to all in-service teachers in phases through
    distant education.
    6.3.5 Emphasis shall be given to providing computer education from the school level.
    Internet facility shall be made available free of cost to universities and public
    schools for four hours a day within the next five years to provide computer
    education in a systematic way.
    6.3.6 His Majesty's Government shall provide scholarships to public and private sector
    technicians for higher study in information technology.
    6.3.7 Necessary scholarships shall be given to poor and deserving (diligent) students
    from remote areas to pursue higher studies in information technology.
    6.4 Dissemination of Information Technology
    The following measures shall be pursued for the extensive dissemination of
    information technology.
    6.4.1 The education institutions and hospitals in the areas where telecommunications
    and electricity services are available shall be encouraged to use IT services. Even
    in places where electricity service is not available, the development of
    information technology through solar power system shall be encouraged.
    6.4.2 The distant learning system shall be introduced through the Internet and Intranet
    as well through radio and television. Networking systems like school-net,
    research-net. Commerce-net and multilingual computing shall be developed.
    6.4.3 A three year programme shall be formulated and launched to extend the use of
    computer in governmental offices. All ministries, departments and offices shall be
    linked to the Internet; and other agencies shall also be encouraged to be linked
    through the Internet.
    6.4.4 Websites for all ministries and departments and district offices shall be created
    within one year. Necessary legal provisions shall be made to reduce the
    movement of papers by using information technology in all kinds of
    governmental activities in a phased manner.
    6.4.5 An action plan shall be devised and introduced to include computer as a subject
    for the examination of a specific level/class and be required to sit for a written
    examination during recruitment. Provisions shall be made for basic computer
    training to be a condition for the promotion of employees.
    6.4.6 Content shall be prepared to enhance materials with Nepali materials on the
    Internet to promote Nepalese arts and culture and to develop rural areas.
    5
    6.4.7 A public awareness-enhancing campaign on the utility of information technology
    shall be launched extensively through the electronic media.
    6.4.8 An information officer shall be placed in each ministry a phased manner.
    6.4.9 In view of the present development of information technology, provisions shall be
    made to open voice-mail (communication) to talk point-to-point for one's own
    business without a link to the public switched telephone network.
    6.5 Promotion of E-commerce and so forth
    E-business, tele-medicine, tele-processing, distant learning, among others, shall be
    promoted as follows:
    6.5.1 Necessary arrangements shall be made to encourage e-commerce.
    6.5.2 Necessary legal infrastructure shall be created for the promotion of tele-medicine,
    distant learning, tele-processing, and e-commerce.
    6.5.3 Intellectual property right shall be protected through the formulation of necessary
    laws related to the development of information technology.
    6.5.4 Provisions shall be made for the export of software information technology
    services through IT in the following ways:
    (a) The person or organization concerned has to submit certified
    duplicate copies of the documents on agreements relating to
    export.
    (b) Invoice or bill of exportation made under the agreements referred to in
    clause (a) has to be submitted to the Nepal Rastra Bank.
    © The Nepal Rastra Bank has to validate foreign currency obtained
    on the basis of such documents.
    6.6 Facilities
    The following facilities shall be provided for the development of the information
    technology sector:
    6.6.1 One percent (1%) customs duty shall be levied on hardware, software and all
    kinds of computer spare parts imported by training institutions related to
    information technology, albeit on the recommendation of the National
    Information Technology Centre on the basis of services rendered and the
    achievements of such institutions.
    6.6.2 As software development services based on software are operated twenty-four
    hours, such services shall be declared essential services to guarantee regular
    production by employees working in the companies related to such services, and
    arrangements shall be made accordingly.
    6.6.3 A venture capital fund shall be established by utilizing capital market with the
    joint investment of His Majesty's Government and the private sector. His
    Majesty's Government shall make an investment of 100 million rupees initially
    for such a fund.
    6.6.4 Domestic preference shall be given in accordance with the prevailing law on
    computers, spare parts and software produced within the country.
    6
    6.6.5 Software may be directly depreciated for the purposes of income tax, whereas
    equipment relating to information technology may be allowed an accelerated
    depreciation for two years.
    6.6.6 In cases when an investment has been made in foreign currency either as a loan or
    share capital required to build and operate infrastructure, the investor shall be
    allowed to repatriate the principal and interest of the loan and dividends in
    accordance with the prevailing laws.
    6.6.7 The foreign currency earned from exporting information technology software and
    services shall be granted facilities that are on par with facilities provided to other
    export-oriented industries earning foreign currency.
    6.6.8 An information technology development fund shall be established to create public
    awareness about information technology, assist rural networking, develop
    information technology with market management, generate the required
    manpower for this sector, and to make social services easily available where such
    technology is used. Arrangements shall be made for financial contributions
    toward this fund from His Majesty's Government, the private sector, donor
    agencies, and others. The National Information Technology Centre (NITC) shall
    operate this find. A feasibility study shall be carried out to manage additional
    financial resources for the establishment of this information technology fund.
    6.6.9 Export of software shall be subjected to an additional service charge of 0.5% for
    the information technology fund, in addition to prevailing customs duties. The
    amount obtained from that charge shall be deposited in the fund referred to in
    clause 6.6.8.
    6.6.10 As Nepali nationals working abroad can play an important role in the technology
    transfer and market promotion in this sector, they shall be encouraged to invest
    their foreign currency earnings in this sector.
    7 Institutional Provision

    7.1 The National Information Technology Development Council, consisting of the
    following members, shall be constituted under the chairmanship of the Rt. Honourable
    Prime Minister.
    a. Rt. Honourable Prime Minister Chairman
    b. Honourable Minister, Ministry of Science and
    Technology Member
    c. Honourable Minister, Ministry of Information
    and Communication Member
    d. Honourable Vice-chairman, National Planning
    Commission Member
    e. Honourable Member, National Planning
    Commission (Information Technology Sector) Member
    f. Secretary, Ministry of Finance Member
    g. Secretary, Ministry of Industries, Commerce
    and Supplies Member
    h. Secretary, Ministry of Law, Justice and
    Parliamentary Affairs Member
    i. Secretary, Ministry of Water Resources Member
    7
    j. Secretary, Ministry of Science and Technology Member
    k. Secretary, Ministry of Education and Sports Member
    l. Secretary, Ministry of Information and
    Communications Member
    m. Computer specialist representative, University/
    RONAST (three persons) Member
    n. Chairman, Computer Association of Nepal Member
    o. President, Federation of Nepalese Chamber of
    Commerce and Industries Member
    p. Persons involved in Information Technology
    in Private Sector (three persons) Member
    q. Chairman, Telecommunications Authority Member
    r. Executive Director, NITC Member Secretary
    7.2 The National Information Technology Council shall review and revise information
    technology policy, appraise annual progress, and solve problems that may arise and
    carry out such other activities as it may deem necessary for the development and
    expansion of the information technology sector.
    7.3 A National Information Technology Co-ordination Committee, as mentioned below,
    shall be constituted to carry out research on and develop information technology, develop
    manpower required for this sector and a curriculum for information technology, improve the
    quality of computer training operated by the private sector, ascertain the norms and
    monitor these and co-ordinate such activities of establishing relations with foreign
    educational institutions.
    a. Honourable Minister, Ministry of Science and
    Technology Chairman
    b. Honourable Member, National Planning
    Commission (looking after the concerned sector) Member
    c. Two vice-chancellors of universities Member
    d. Secretary, Ministry of Finance Member
    e. Secretary, Ministry of Industries, Commerce and
    Supplies Member
    f. Secretary, Ministry of Science and Technology Member
    g. Secretary, Ministry of Education and Sports Member
    h. Secretary, Ministry of Information and
    Communication Member
    i. Two information technologists Member
    j. Representative, Computer Association of Nepal Member
    k. Representative, Federation of Nepalese Chamber
    of Commerce and Industries Member
    l. Executive Director, NITC Member Secretary
    7.4 National Information Technology Centre

    8
    This Centre shall be set up under the Ministry of Science and Technology. Its
    regional and district-level offices shall be established as necessary. It shall carry out
    the following functions:
    (a) Act as a data bank of information and assist in computerization of records at
    governmental offices and in developing and expanding the contents.
    (b) Act as the Secretariat of the National Information Technology Development
    Council and the National Information Technology Co-ordination Committee; to
    implement, or cause to be implemented, the policy and plan on information
    science and information technology, to monitor and supervise the same and to
    regularize the activities carried out by the private sector and submit reports to
    the council on these activities.
    (c) Render assistance in all kinds of computer services of His Majesty's
    Government. Similarly, render assistance in designing, updating, and
    operating websites of all bodies of His Majesty's Government, and collect all
    types of data at the national level and serve as a database.
    (d) Act as a regulator for the healthy development of information technology.
    (e) Arrange for coding and standardization required to bring about uniformity with
    respect to information technology, and implement and monitor it.
    7.5 Information Technology Park Development Committee
    This committee shall be a separate body under the Ministry of Science and
    Technology. It shall manage and co-ordinate parks to be built in various places in the
    country and co-ordinate the building and execution of info-cities and info- villages.
    8 Legal Provisions:

    Necessary laws shall be enacted to regulate transactions to be carried out through information
    technology, as well as other necessary arrangements pertaining to this technology, and to protect
    intellectual property right.
    9 Amendment to the Policy
    This policy may be reviewed and amended every two years in conformity with technological
    development and expansion of services as a result of rapid developments in the information
    technology sector. Nonetheless, at the suggestion of various sectors, it may be appraised and
    amended if necessary even prior to it.

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